Category: FSA terrorists

  • The Pentagon’s “Salvador Option”: U.S. Sponsored Terrorism in Iraq and Syria/ By Prof. Michel Chossudovsky

    The Pentagon’s “Salvador Option”: U.S. Sponsored Terrorism in Iraq and Syria/ By Prof. Michel Chossudovsky

    Ambassadors John Negroponte and Robert S. Ford

    Global Research, May 24, 2025

    Original Link Here: The Pentagon’s “Salvador Option”: U.S. Sponsored Terrorism in Iraq and Syria – Global ResearchGlobal Research – Centre for Research on Globalization

    For readers in Arabic, scroll down for the AI translation of this article

    بالنسبة للقراء باللغة العربية، قم بالتمرير لأسفل للحصول على ترجمة الذكاء الاصطناعي لهذه المقالة

     

    Author’s Note

    In mid-2024, the Western media was portraying former US Ambassador to Syria Robert Stephen Ford as a “moderate”, committed to supporting so-called “moderate mainstream opposition rebels”. R. S. Ford was upheld as a outspoken critic of US foreign policy,  tacitly blaming the US State Department for gross mismanagement:

    “I was no longer in a position where I felt I could defend the American policy… We have been unable to address either the root causes of the conflict in terms of the fighting on the ground and the balance on the ground, and we have a growing extremism threat.”… (quoted in Slate, June 3, 2014, emphasis added)

    R. S. Ford called upon Washington to support the moderates:

    We need – and we have long needed – to help moderates in the Syrian opposition with both weapons and other non-lethal assistance. … Had we done that a couple of years ago, had we ramped it up, frankly the al Qaeda groups that have been winning adherents would have been unable to compete with the moderates who frankly we have much in common with,” (Reuters, June 3, 2014, emphasis added)

    Responding to Ford’s comments, State Department spokeswoman Marie Harf said, “He’s a private citizen. He’s entitled to his views.”(Reuters, June 3, 2014)

    Who is Robert Stephen Ford?

    In a bitter irony, Robert Stephen Ford is no “Moderate” as portrayed by the media. He was from the very outset in January 2011, involved in carrying out the “extremism threat” scenario including the channeling of military aid to the Al Qaeda affiliated rebels.

    I was in Damascus in mid-January 2011 when Robert Ford presented his credentials to President Bashar Al Assad. I knew his background as a number two official at the Embassy in Iraq under Negroponte.

    Negroponte’s mandate as US ambassador to Iraq (together with Robert S. Ford) was to coordinate out of the US embassy, the covert recruitment and support to death squads and paramilitary groups in Iraq with a view to fomenting sectarian violence and weakening the resistance movement. Robert S. Ford as “Number Two” (Minister Counsellor for Political Affairs) at the US Embassy in Baghdad played a central role in this endeavor.

    My hunch which I conveyed to my friend, Ali, Prof, at Singapore’s NUS Middle East Institute was that “something was to going to happen in the next few months”

    To understand Robert S. Ford’s mandate in both Baghdad and subsequently in Damascus, it is important to reflect briefly on the history of US covert operations and the central role played by John D. Negroponte. (See text below).

    In the months leading up to the March 2011 insurrection, Robert Stephen Ford was among the key architects involved in the formulation of a  US “Terrorist Option” for Syria including the recruitment and training of death squads in Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Turkey.

    In recent developments (May 15, 2025) France’s Le Monde, described Robert Stephen Ford’s  as follows:

    Translation of above:

    Robert Ford, former US ambassador to Damascus:

    “In Syria, Al-Sharaa is the best tool for the United States

    against the Islamic State organisation”

    The diplomat met with the new Syrian leader, Ahmed Al-Charaa, on several occasions, the last time in Damascus, in January. In an interview with “Monde”, he returns to Donald Trump’s decision to lift sanctions against Syria.

    “Analyst at the Middle East Institute in Washington, Robert Ford is an experienced American diplomat familiar with the Middle East. In particular, he was the United States ambassador to Syria, under the Obama presidency, between 2011 and 2014.

    In an interview with Le Monde, he welcomed Donald Trump’s decision to lift sanctions and his meeting with Ahmed Al-Charaa, a former jihadist who became interim president, after the fall of the Al-Assad regime. Robert Ford met with the new leader several times, including the last time in Damascus in January. (Translated from Le Monde by Global Research)

    Le président syrien par intérim, Ahmed Al-Charaa, et le président américain, Donald Trump, à Riyad, le 14 mai 2025.

     

    Robert Stephen Ford had no doubt met up with Al-Sharaa at an earlier stage when he was her of Al Nusra. The title of Le Monde is contradictory to say the least. Al Sharaa was from the outset a leader with Al Qaeda, ISIS, Deash right from the outset.

    The following text is based on a longer article first published by GR in August 2011 under the title The Pentagon’s “Salvador Option”: The Deployment of Death Squads in Iraq and Syria.  as well as Terrorism with a Human Face: The History-of Americas Death Squads

    The article below was first published on June 6, 2014

     

    Michel Chossudovsky, June 6, 2014, May 24, 2025

    Since his arrival in Damascus in late January 2011, Ambassador Robert S. Ford played a central role in laying the groundwork as well as establishing contacts with opposition groups.

    A functioning US embassy in Damascus was seen as a precondition for carrying out a process of political destabilization leading to “regime change”.

    Ambassador Robert S., Ford is no ordinary diplomat. He was U.S. representative in January 2004 to the Shiite city of Najaf in Iraq. Najaf was the stronghold of the Mahdi army

    A few months later he was appointed “Number Two Man” (Minister Counsellor for Political Affairs), at the US embassy in Baghdad at the outset of John Negroponte’s tenure as US Ambassador to Iraq (June 2004- April 2005). Ford subsequently served under Negroponte’s successor Zalmay Khalilzad prior to his appointment as Ambassador to Algeria in 2006.

    Negroponte’s mandate as US ambassador to Iraq (together with Robert S. Ford) was to coordinate out of the US embassy, the covert support to death squads and paramilitary groups in Iraq with a view to fomenting sectarian violence and weakening the resistance movement. Robert S. Ford as “Number Two” (Minister Counsellor for Political Affairs) at the US Embassy in Baghdad played a central role in this endeavor.

    To understand Robert Ford’s mandate in both Baghdad and subsequently in Damascus, it is important to reflect briefly on the history of US covert operations and the central role played by John D. Negroponte.

    Negroponte and the “Salvador Option”

    John Negroponte had served as US ambassador to Honduras from 1981 to 1985. As Ambassador in Tegucigalpa, he played a key role in supporting and supervising the Nicaraguan Contra mercenaries who were based in Honduras. The cross border Contra attacks into Nicaragua claimed some 50 000 civilian lives.

    During the same period, Negroponte was instrumental in setting up the Honduran military death squads, “operating with Washington support’s, [they] assassinated hundreds of opponents of the US-backed regime.” (See Bill Vann, Bush Nominee linked to Latin American Terrorism, November 2001,

    “Under the rule of General Gustavo Alvarez Martinez, Honduras’s military government was both a close ally of the Reagan administration and was “disappearing” dozens of political opponents in classic death squad fashion.

    In a 1982 letter to The Economist, Negroponte wrote that it was “simply untrue to state that death squads have made their appearance in Honduras.” The Country Report on Human Rights Practices that his embassy sent to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee took the same line, insisting that there were “no political prisoners in Honduras” and that the “Honduran government neither condones nor knowingly permits killings of a political or nonpolitical nature.”

    Yet according to a four-part series in the Baltimore Sun in 1995, in 1982 alone the Honduran press ran 318 stories of murders and kidnappings by the Honduran military. The Sun described the activities of a secret CIA-trained Honduran army unit, Battalion 316, that used “shock and suffocation devices in interrogations. Prisoners often were kept naked and, when no longer useful, killed and buried in unmarked graves.”

    On August 27, 1997, CIA Inspector General Frederick P. Hitz released a 211-page classified report entitled “Selected Issues Relating to CIA Activities in Honduras in the 1980′s.” This report was partly declassified on Oct. 22, 1998, in response to demands by the Honduran human rights ombudsman. Opponents of Negroponte are demanding that all Senators read the full report before voting on his nomination. to the position of US Permanent Representative to the UN}” (Peter Roff and James Chapin, Face-off: Bush’s Foreign Policy Warriors, Global Research November 2001, http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/ROF111A.html

    John Negroponte- Robert S. Ford. The Iraq “Salvador Option”

    In January 2005, following Negroponte’s appointment as US ambassador to Iraq, the Pentagon confirmed in a story leaked to Newsweek  that it was “considering forming hit squads of Kurdish and Shia fighters to target leaders of the Iraqi insurgency in a strategic shift borrowed from the American struggle against left-wing guerrillas in Central America 20 years ago”. (El Salvador-style ‘death squads’ to be deployed by US against Iraq militants – Times Online, January 10, 2005)

    John Negroponte and Robert S. Ford at the US Embassy worked closely together on the Pentagon’s project. Two other embassy officials, namely Henry Ensher (Ford’s Deputy) and a younger official in the political section, Jeffrey Beals, played an important role in the team “talking to a range of Iraqis, including extremists”. (See The New Yorker, March 26, 2007).  Another key individual in Negroponte’s team was James Franklin Jeffrey, America’s ambassador to Albania (2002-2004). Jeffrey is currently the US Ambassador to Iraq.

    Negroponte also brought into the team one of his former collaborators Colonel James Steele (ret) from his Honduras heyday:

    Under the “Salvador Option,” “Negroponte had assistance from his colleague from his days in Central America during the 1980′s, Ret. Col James Steele. Steele, whose title in Baghdad was Counselor for Iraqi Security Forces supervised the selection and training of members of the Badr Organization and Mehdi Army, the two largest Shi’ite militias in Iraq, in order to target the leadership and support networks of a primarily Sunni resistance. Planned or not, these death squads promptly spiralled out of control to become the leading cause of death in Iraq.

    Intentional or not, the scores of tortured, mutilated bodies which turn up on the streets of Baghdad each day are generated by the death squads whose impetus was John Negroponte. And it is this U.S.-backed sectarian violence which largely led to the hell-disaster that Iraq is today. (Dahr Jamail, Managing Escalation: Negroponte and Bush’s New Iraq Team,. Antiwar.com, January 7, 2007)

    John Negroponte described Robert Ford while at the embassy in Baghdad, as “one of these very tireless people … who didn’t mind putting on his flak jacket and helmet and going out of the Green Zone to meet contacts.”  Robert S. Ford is fluent in both Arabic and Turkish. He was dispatched by Negroponte to undertake strategic contacts:

    [O]ne Pentagon proposal would send Special Forces teams to advise, support and possibly train Iraqi squads, most likely hand-picked Kurdish Peshmerga fighters and Shiite militiamento target Sunni insurgents and their sympathizers, even across the border into Syria, according to military insiders familiar with the discussions. It remains unclear, however, whether this would be a policy of assassination or so-called “snatch” operations, in which the targets are sent to secret facilities for interrogation. The current thinking is that while U.S. Special Forces would lead operations in, say, Syria, activities inside Iraq itself would be carried out by Iraqi paramilitaries. (Newsweek, January 8, 2005, emphasis added)

    The plan had the support of the US appointed Iraqi government of Prime Minister Iyad Allawi:

    The Pentagon declined to comment, but one insider told Newsweek: “What everyone agrees is that we can’t just go on as we are. We have to find a way to take the offensive against the insurgents. Right now, we are playing defence. And we are losing.”

    Hit squads would be controversial and would probably be kept secret.

    The experience of the so-called “death squads” in Central America remains raw for many even now and helped to sully the image of the United States in the region.

    …. John Negroponte, the US Ambassador in Baghdad, had a front-row seat at the time as Ambassador to Honduras from 1981-85.

    Death squads were a brutal feature of Latin American politics of the time. In Argentina in the 1970s and Guatemala in the 1980s, soldiers wore uniform by day but used unmarked cars by night to kidnap and kill those hostile to the regime or their suspected sympathisers.

    In the early 1980s President Reagan’s Administration funded and helped to train Nicaraguan contras based in Honduras with the aim of ousting Nicaragua’s Sandinista regime. The Contras were equipped using money from illegal American arms sales to Iran, a scandal that could have toppled Mr Reagan.

    It was in El Salvador that the United States trained small units of local forces specifically to target rebels.

    The thrust of the Pentagon proposal in Iraq, according to Newsweek, is to follow that model and direct US special forces teams to advise, support and train Kurdish Peshmerga fighters and Shia militiamen to target leaders of the Sunni insurgency.

    It is unclear whether the main aim of the missions would be to assassinate the rebels or kidnap them and take them away for interrogation. Any mission in Syria would probably be undertaken by US Special Forces.

    Nor is it clear who would take responsibility for such a programme — the Pentagon or the Central Intelligence Agency. Such covert operations have traditionally been run by the CIA at arm’s length from the administration in power, giving US officials the ability to deny knowledge of it. (Times Online, op cit, emphasis added)

    Under Negroponte’s helm at the US Embassy in Baghdad, a  wave of covert civilian killings and targeted assassinations was unleashed. Engineers, medical  doctors, scientists and intellectuals were also targeted. The objective was to create factional divisions between Sunni, Shiite, Kurds and Christians, as well as weed out civilian support for the Iraqi resistance. The Christian community was one of the main targets of the assassination program.

    The Pentagon’s objective also consisted in training an Iraqi Army, Police and Security Forces, which would carry out a homegrown “counterinsurgency” program (unofficially) on behalf of the U.S.

    Operation “Syrian Contras”: Learning from the Iraqi Experience

    The gruesome Iraqi version of the “Salvador Option” under the helm of Ambassador John Negroponte has served as a “role model” for setting up the “Free Syrian Army” Contras. Robert Stephen Ford was, no doubt, involved in the implementation of the Syrian Contras project, following his reassignment to Baghdad as Deputy Head of Mission in 2008.

    The objective in Syria was to create factional divisions between Sunni, Alawite, Shiite, Kurds, Druze and Christians. While the Syrian context is entirely different to that of Iraq, there are striking similarities with regard to the procedures whereby the killings and atrocities were conducted.

    A report published by Der Spiegel pertaining to atrocities committed in the Syrian city of Homs confirms an organized sectarian process of mass-murder and extra-judicial killings comparable to that conducted by the US sponsored death squads in Iraq.

    People in Homs were routinely categorized as   “prisoners” (Shia, Alawite) and “traitors”.  The “traitors” are Sunni civilians within the rebel occupied urban area, who express their disagreement or opposition to the rule of terror of the Free Syrian Army (FSA):

    “Since last summer [2011], we have executed slightly fewer than 150 men, which represents about 20 percent of our prisoners,” says Abu Rami. … But the executioners of Homs have been busier with traitors within their own ranks than with prisoners of war. “If we catch a Sunni spying, or if a citizen betrays the revolution, we make it quick,” says the fighter. According to Abu Rami, Hussein’s burial brigade has put between 200 and 250 traitors to death since the beginning of the uprising.” (Der Spiegel, March 30, 2012)

    In early July [2011], US Ambassador Robert Ford travelled to Hama and had meetings with members of the “protest movement” (Low-key U.S. diplomat transforms Syria policy – The Washington Post, July 12, 2011). Reports confirm that Robert Ford had numerous contacts with opposition groups both before and after his July trip to Hama. In a recent statement (August 4), he confirmed that the embassy will continue “reaching out” to opposition groups in defiance of the Syrian authorities.

    The project required an initial program of recruitment and training of mercenaries. Death squads including Lebanese and Jordanian Salafist units entered Syria’s southern border with Jordan in mid-March 2011.  Much of the groundwork was already in place prior to Robert Stephen Ford’s arrival in Damascus in January 2011.

     

    Ambassador Ford in Hama in early July 2011

     

    Ford’s appointment as Ambassador to Syria was announced in early 2010. Diplomatic relations had been cut in 2005 following the Rafick Hariri assassination, which Washington blamed on Syria. Ford arrived in Damascus barely two months before the onset of the insurgency.

    Behind Closed Doors at the US State Department

    Robert Stephen Ford was part of a small team at the US State Department team which oversaw the recruitment and training of  terrorist brigades,  together with Derek Chollet  and Frederic C. Hof, a former business partner of Richard Armitage, who served as Washington’s “special coordinator on Syria”. Derek Chollet has recently been appointed to the position of Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (ISA).

    This team operated under the helm of  (former) Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs Jeffrey Feltman.

    Feltman’s team was in close liaison with the process of recruitment and training of mercenaries out of Turkey, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Libya (courtesy of the post-Gaddafi regime, which dispatched six hundred Libya Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG) troops to Syria, via Turkey in the months following the September 2011 collapse of the Gaddafi government).

    Assistant Secretary of State Feltman was in contact with Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal, and Qatari Foreign Minister Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim. He was also in charge of a  Doha-based office for “special security coordination” pertaining to  Syria, which included representatives from Western and GCC intelligence agencies well as a representative from Libya. Prince Bandar bin Sultan. a prominent and controversial member of Saudi intelligence was part of this group. (See Press Tv, May 12, 2012).

    In June 2012, Jeffrey Feltman (image: Left) was appointed UN Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, a strategic position  which, in practice, consists in setting  the UN agenda (on behalf of Washington) on issues pertaining to “Conflict Resolution” in various “political hot spots” around the world (including Somalia, Lebanon, Libya, Syria, Yemen and Mali). In a bitter irony, the countries for UN “conflict resolution” are those which are the target of  US covert operations.

    In liaison with the US State Department, NATO and his GCC handlers in Doha and Riyadh, Feltman is Washington’s man behind UN special envoy Lakhdar Brahmi’s “Peace Proposal”.

    Meanwhile, while paying lip service to the UN Peace initiative, the US and NATO have speeded up the process of recruitment and training of  mercenaries in response to the heavy casualties incurred by “opposition” rebel forces.

    The US proposed “end game” in Syria is not regime change, but the destruction of Syria as a Nation State.

    The deployment of “opposition” death squads with a mandate to kill civilians is part of this criminal undertaking.

    The Free Syrian Army (FSA)

    Washington and its allies replicated in Syria the essential features of the “Iraq Salvador Option”, leading to the creation of the Free Syrian Army (FSA) and its various terrorist factions including the Al Qaeda affiliated Al Nusra brigades.

    While the creation of the Free Syrian Army (FSA) was announced in June 2011, the recruitment and training of foreign mercenaries was initiated at a much an earlier period.

    In many regards, the Free Syrian Army is a smokescreen. It is upheld by the Western media as a bona fide military entity established as a result of mass defections from government forces.  The number of defectors, however, was neither significant nor sufficient to establish a coherent military structure  with command and control functions.

    The FSA  is not a professional  military entity, rather it is a loose network of separate terrorist brigades, which in turn are made up of numerous paramilitary cells operating in different parts of the country.

    Each of these terrorist organizations operates independently. The FSA does not effectively exercise command and control functions including liaison with these diverse paramilitary entities. The latter are controlled by US-NATO sponsored special forces and intelligence operatives which are embedded within the ranks of selected terrorist formations.

    These (highly trained) Special forces on the ground (many of whom are employees of private security companies) are routinely in contact with US-NATO and allied military/intelligence command units (including Turkey). These embedded Special Forces are, no doubt, also involved in the carefully planned bomb attacks directed against government buildings, military compounds, etc.

    The death squads are mercenaries trained and recruited by the US, NATO, its Persian Gulf GCC allies as well as Turkey.  They are overseen by allied special forces (including British SAS and French Parachutistes), and private security companies on contract to NATO and the Pentagon. In this regard, reports confirm the arrest by the Syrian government of some 200-300 private security company employees who had integrated rebel ranks.

    The Jabhat Al Nusra Front

    The Al Nusra Front –which is said to be affiliated to Al Qaeda– is described as the most effective “opposition” rebel fighting group, responsible for several of the high profile bomb attacks. Portrayed as an enemy of America (on the State Department list of terrorist organizations), Al Nusra operations, nonetheless, bear the fingerprints of US paramilitary training, terror tactics and weapons systems. The atrocities committed against civilians by Al Nusra (funded covertly by US-NATO) are similar to those undertaken by the US sponsored death squads in Iraq.

    In the words of Al Nusra leader Abu Adnan in Aleppo: “Jabhat al-Nusra does count Syrian veterans of the Iraq war among its numbers, men who bring expertise — especially the manufacture of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) — to the front in Syria.”

    As in Iraq, factional violence and ethnic cleansing were actively promoted. In Syria, the Alawite, Shiite and Christian communities have been the target of the US-NATO sponsored death squads.  The Alawite and the Christian community are the main targets of the assassination program. Confirmed by the Vatican News Service:

    Christians in Aleppo are victims of death and destruction due to the fighting which for months, has been affecting the city. The Christian neighborhoods, in recent times, have been hit by rebel forces fighting against the regular army and this has caused an exodus of civilians.

    Some groups in the rugged opposition, where there are also jiahadist groups, “fire on Christian houses and buildings, to force occupants to escape and then take possession [ethnic cleansing] (Agenzia Fides. Vatican News, October 19, 2012)

    “The Sunni Salafist militants – says the Bishop – continue to commit crimes against civilians, or to recruit fighters with force. The fanatical Sunni extremists are fighting a holy war proudly, especially against the Alawites. When terrorists seek to control the religious identity of a suspect, they ask him to cite the genealogies dating back to Moses. And they ask to recite a prayer that the Alawites removed. The Alawites have no chance to get out alive.”  (Agenzia Fides 04/06/2012)

    Reports confirm the influx of Salafist and Al Qaeda affiliated death squads as well as brigades under the auspices of the Muslim Brotherhood into Syria from the inception of the insurgency in March 2011.

    Moreover, reminiscent of  the enlistment of  the Mujahideen to wage the CIA’s jihad (holy war) in the heyday of the Soviet-Afghan war, NATO and the Turkish High command, according to Israeli intelligence sources, had initiated”

    “a campaign to enlist thousands of Muslim volunteers in Middle East countries and the Muslim world to fight alongside the Syrian rebels. The Turkish army would house these volunteers, train them and secure their passage into Syria. (DEBKAfile, NATO to give rebels anti-tank weapons, August 14, 2011).

    Private Security Companies and the Recruitment of Mercenaries

    According to reports, private security companies operating out of Gulf States are involved in the recruiting and training of mercenaries.

    Although not specifically earmarked for the recruitment of mercenaries directed against Syria, reports point to the creation of  training camps in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

    In Zayed Military City (UAE), “a secret army is in the making”  operated by Xe Services, formerly Blackwater.  The UAE deal to establish a military camp for the training of mercenaries was signed in July 2010, nine months before the onslaught of the wars in Libya and Syria.

    In recent developments [2014], security companies on contract to NATO and the Pentagon are involved in training “opposition” death squads in the use of chemical weapons:

    The United States and some European allies are using defense contractors to train Syrian rebels on how to secure chemical weapons stockpiles in Syria, a senior U.S. official and several senior diplomats told CNN Sunday. ( CNN Report, December 9, 2012)

    The names of the companies involved were not revealed.

    While conditions in Syria are markedly different to those in Iraq, Robert S. Ford’s stint as “Number Two Man” at the US Embassy in Baghdad has a direct bearing on the nature of his activities in Syria including his contacts with opposition groups.


    “خيار السلفادور” لدى البنتاغون: الإرهاب الذي ترعاه الولايات المتحدة في العراق وسوريا

    السفيران جون نيجروبونتي وروبرت س. فورد

    by Michel  Chossudovsky

    ملاحظة المؤلف

    في منتصف عام ٢٠٢٤، كانت وسائل الإعلام الغربية تُصوّر السفير الأمريكي السابق في سوريا ، روبرت ستيفن فورد، على أنه “معتدل”، ملتزم بدعم ما يُسمى “معارضة التيار المعتدل”. وعُرف فورد بأنه ناقد صريح للسياسة الخارجية الأمريكية، مُلقيًا اللوم ضمنيًا على وزارة الخارجية الأمريكية على سوء الإدارة الفادح.

    لم أعد أشعر أنني قادر على الدفاع عن السياسة الأمريكية … لم نتمكن من معالجة الأسباب الجذرية للصراع، سواءً من حيث القتال على الأرض أو التوازن على الأرض، ولدينا تهديد تطرف متزايد. ( مقتبس من مجلة سلايت، 3 يونيو/حزيران 2014، التشديد مضاف)

    ودعا آر إس فورد واشنطن إلى دعم المعتدلين:

    نحتاج – ولطالما احتجنا – إلى مساعدة المعتدلين في المعارضة السورية بالأسلحة وغيرها من المساعدات غير الفتاكة. … لو فعلنا ذلك قبل عامين، ولو كثّفناه، لعجزت جماعات القاعدة، التي تكتسب أتباعًا ، عن منافسة المعتدلين الذين نشترك معهم في الكثير بصراحة. رويترز، 3 يونيو/حزيران 2014، التشديد مضاف)

    ردًا على تعليقات فورد، قالت المتحدثة باسم وزارة الخارجية ماري هارف: “إنه مواطن عادي، وله الحق في التعبير عن آرائه”. ( رويترز، 3 يونيو/حزيران 2014)

    من هو روبرت ستيفن فورد؟

    في مفارقة مريرة، ليس روبرت ستيفن فورد “معتدلاً” كما تُصوّره وسائل الإعلام. فقد شارك منذ البداية، في يناير/كانون الثاني 2011،  في تنفيذ سيناريو “التهديد المتطرف”، بما في ذلك توجيه المساعدات العسكرية إلى المتمردين التابعين لتنظيم القاعدة.

    كنتُ في دمشق منتصف يناير/كانون الثاني 2011 عندما قدّم روبرت فورد أوراق اعتماده للرئيس بشار الأسد. كنتُ أعرف خلفيته كمسؤول ثانٍ في السفارة الأميركية في العراق تحت قيادة نيغروبونتي.

    كان تفويض نيغروبونتي، كسفير للولايات المتحدة في العراق (بالتعاون مع روبرت س. فورد)، تنسيق عمليات التجنيد والدعم السري لفرق الموت والجماعات شبه العسكرية في العراق، انطلاقًا من السفارة الأمريكية، بهدف تأجيج العنف الطائفي وإضعاف حركة المقاومة . وقد لعب روبرت س. فورد، بصفته “الرقم 2” (مستشار الشؤون السياسية) في السفارة الأمريكية ببغداد، دورًا محوريًا في هذا المسعى.

    كان حدسي الذي نقلته إلى صديقي، علي، الأستاذ في معهد الشرق الأوسط التابع لجامعة سنغافورة الوطنية هو أن “شيئًا ما سيحدث في الأشهر القليلة المقبلة”.

    ولكي نفهم مهمة روبرت فورد في بغداد ثم في دمشق، فمن المهم أن نتأمل بإيجاز تاريخ العمليات السرية الأميركية والدور المركزي الذي لعبه جون د. نيجروبونتي. (انظر النص أدناه).

    في الأشهر التي سبقت انتفاضة مارس/آذار 2011، كان روبرت ستيفن فورد من بين المهندسين الرئيسيين المشاركين في صياغة “الخيار الإرهابي” الأميركي لسوريا، بما في ذلك تجنيد وتدريب فرق الموت في المملكة العربية السعودية وقطر وتركيا.

    وفي التطورات الأخيرة (15 مايو 2025) وصفت صحيفة لوموند الفرنسية روبرت ستيفن فورد على النحو التالي:

    ترجمة ما سبق:

    روبرت فورد السفير الأمريكي الأسبق في دمشق:

    “في سوريا، الشرع هو الأداة الأفضل للولايات المتحدة”

    “ضد تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية”

    التقى الدبلوماسي بالرئيس السوري الجديد، أحمد الشرع ، عدة مرات، كان آخرها في دمشق في يناير/كانون الثاني. وفي مقابلة مع “موند”، يعود إلى قرار دونالد ترامب رفع العقوبات عن سوريا.

    روبرت فورد، المحلل في معهد الشرق الأوسط بواشنطن، دبلوماسي أمريكي مخضرم، مطلع على شؤون الشرق الأوسط. كان سفيرًا للولايات المتحدة في سوريا، في عهد أوباما، بين عامي ٢٠١١ و٢٠١٤.

    في مقابلة مع صحيفة لوموند، رحّب بقرار دونالد ترامب رفع العقوبات ولقائه أحمد الشرع ، الجهادي السابق الذي أصبح رئيسًا مؤقتًا بعد سقوط نظام الأسد. التقى روبرت فورد بالزعيم الجديد عدة مرات، كان آخرها في دمشق في يناير/كانون الثاني. (ترجمة لوموند بواسطة غلوبال ريسيرش)

    الرئيس السوري المؤقت أحمد الشرع والرئيس الأمريكي دونالد ترامب إلى الرياض في 14 مايو 2025.

    لا شك أن روبرت ستيفن فورد التقى بالشرع في مرحلة مبكرة عندما كان رئيسًا لجبهة النصرة. عنوان صحيفة لوموند متناقضٌ على أقل تقدير. كان الشرع منذ البداية قائدًا في القاعدة وداعش وداعش.

    يستند النص التالي إلى مقال أطول نُشر لأول مرة في مجلة GR في أغسطس/آب 2011 تحت عنوان “خيار السلفادور” لدى البنتاغون: نشر فرق الموت في العراق وسوريا.   وكذلك الإرهاب ذو الوجه الإنساني: فرق الموت في تاريخ أمريكا.

    تم نشر المقال أدناه لأول مرة في 6 يونيو 2014

    ميشيل شوسودوفسكي، 6 يونيو 2014، 24 مايو 2025

    ومنذ وصوله إلى دمشق في أواخر يناير/كانون الثاني 2011، لعب السفير روبرت فورد دوراً محورياً في إرساء الأساس فضلاً عن إقامة اتصالات مع جماعات المعارضة.

    وكان يُنظر إلى وجود سفارة أميركية عاملة في دمشق على أنه شرط أساسي لتنفيذ عملية زعزعة الاستقرار السياسي المؤدية إلى “تغيير النظام”.

    السفير روبرت س. فورد ليس دبلوماسيًا عاديًا. كان ممثل الولايات المتحدة في يناير ٢٠٠٤ في مدينة النجف الشيعية بالعراق. كانت النجف معقل جيش المهدي.

    بعد بضعة أشهر، عُيّن “الرجل الثاني” (وزير مستشار للشؤون السياسية) في السفارة الأمريكية ببغداد في بداية ولاية جون نيغروبونتي سفيرًا للولايات المتحدة في العراق (يونيو/حزيران ٢٠٠٤ – أبريل/نيسان ٢٠٠٥). ثم عمل فورد تحت قيادة زلماي خليل زاد، خليفة نيغروبونتي، قبل تعيينه سفيرًا في الجزائر عام ٢٠٠٦.

    كان تفويض نيغروبونتي، كسفير للولايات المتحدة في العراق (بالتعاون مع روبرت س. فورد)، هو تنسيق الدعم السري لفرق الموت والجماعات شبه العسكرية في العراق، انطلاقًا من السفارة الأمريكية، بهدف تأجيج العنف الطائفي وإضعاف حركة المقاومة. وقد لعب روبرت س. فورد، بصفته “الرقم 2” (مستشار الشؤون السياسية) في السفارة الأمريكية ببغداد، دورًا محوريًا في هذا المسعى.

    ولكي نفهم مهمة روبرت فورد في بغداد ثم في دمشق، فمن المهم أن نتأمل بإيجاز تاريخ العمليات السرية الأميركية والدور المركزي الذي لعبه جون د. نيجروبونتي.

    نيجروبونتي و”خيار السلفادور”

    شغل جون نيغروبونتي منصب سفير الولايات المتحدة في هندوراس من عام ١٩٨١ إلى عام ١٩٨٥. وبصفته سفيرًا في تيغوسيغالبا، لعب دورًا محوريًا في دعم مرتزقة الكونترا النيكاراغويين المتمركزين في هندوراس والإشراف عليهم. وأودت هجمات الكونترا عبر الحدود إلى نيكاراغوا بحياة نحو ٥٠ ألف مدني.

    خلال الفترة نفسها، لعب نيجروبونتي دوراً أساسياً في إنشاء فرق الموت العسكرية في هندوراس، “التي عملت بدعم من واشنطن، وقامت باغتيال المئات من معارضي النظام المدعوم من الولايات المتحدة”. ( انظر بيل فان، مرشح بوش المرتبط بالإرهاب في أمريكا اللاتينية ، نوفمبر/تشرين الثاني 2001).

    “في ظل حكم الجنرال جوستافو ألفاريز مارتينيز، كانت الحكومة العسكرية في هندوراس حليفًا وثيقًا لإدارة ريغان وكانت “تخفي” العشرات من المعارضين السياسيين بأسلوب فرق الموت الكلاسيكي.

    في رسالةٍ إلى مجلة الإيكونوميست عام ١٩٨٢، كتب نيغروبونتي أن “القول إن فرق الموت ظهرت في هندوراس غير صحيحٍ على الإطلاق”. وتبنى التقرير الوطني حول ممارسات حقوق الإنسان، الذي أرسلته سفارته إلى لجنة العلاقات الخارجية بمجلس الشيوخ، النهج نفسه، مؤكدًا أنه “لا يوجد سجناء سياسيون في هندوراس” وأن “حكومة هندوراس لا تتسامح ولا تسمح عمدًا بعمليات القتل ذات الطابع السياسي أو غير السياسي”.

    ومع ذلك، ووفقًا لسلسلة من أربعة أجزاء نُشرت في صحيفة بالتيمور صن عام ١٩٩٥، نشرت الصحافة الهندوراسية في عام ١٩٨٢ وحده ٣١٨ خبرًا عن جرائم قتل واختطاف ارتكبها الجيش الهندوراسي. ووصفت الصحيفة أنشطة وحدة سرية تابعة للجيش الهندوراسي، تُدعى الكتيبة ٣١٦، دربتها وكالة المخابرات المركزية الأمريكية، والتي استخدمت “أجهزة الصعق والخنق في عمليات الاستجواب. وكثيرًا ما كان يُترك السجناء عراة، وعندما لا يعودون مفيدين، يُقتلون ويُدفنون في قبور مجهولة”.

    في 27 أغسطس/آب 1997، أصدر المفتش العام لوكالة المخابرات المركزية الأمريكية، فريدريك ب. هيتز، تقريرًا سريًا من 211 صفحة بعنوان “قضايا مختارة تتعلق بأنشطة وكالة المخابرات المركزية في هندوراس في ثمانينيات القرن الماضي”. رُفعت السرية جزئيًا عن هذا التقرير في 22 أكتوبر/تشرين الأول 1998، استجابةً لمطالب أمين المظالم الهندوراسي لحقوق الإنسان. ويطالب معارضو نيغروبونتي جميع أعضاء مجلس الشيوخ بقراءة التقرير كاملًا قبل التصويت على ترشيحه لمنصب الممثل الدائم للولايات المتحدة لدى الأمم المتحدة (بيتر روف وجيمس تشابين، مواجهة: محاربو السياسة الخارجية لدى بوش، جلوبال ريسيرش، نوفمبر/تشرين الثاني 2001، http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/ROF111A.html ).

    جون نيغروبونتي – روبرت س. فورد. “خيار السلفادور” في العراق

    في يناير/كانون الثاني 2005، عقب تعيين نيجروبونتي سفيرًا للولايات المتحدة في العراق، أكد البنتاغون في تقرير سُرِّب إلى مجلة نيوزويك   أنه “يدرس تشكيل فرق اغتيال من المقاتلين الأكراد والشيعة لاستهداف قادة التمرد العراقي، في تحول استراتيجي مستوحى من النضال الأمريكي ضد العصابات اليسارية في أمريكا الوسطى قبل عشرين عامًا”. ( فرق موت على غرار السلفادور ستنشرها الولايات المتحدة ضد المسلحين في العراق – تايمز أونلاين ، 10 يناير/كانون الثاني 2005).

    عمل جون نيغروبونتي وروبرت س. فورد في السفارة الأمريكية بشكل وثيق على مشروع البنتاغون. ولعب مسؤولان آخران في السفارة، هما هنري إنشر (نائب فورد) وجيفري بيلز، وهو مسؤول أصغر سنًا في القسم السياسي، دورًا هامًا في الفريق الذي “تواصل مع مجموعة من العراقيين، بمن فيهم المتطرفون”. (انظر  مجلة النيويوركر ، 26 مارس/آذار 2007). وكان من الشخصيات الرئيسية الأخرى في فريق نيغروبونتي جيمس فرانكلين جيفري ، سفير الولايات المتحدة في ألبانيا (2002-2004). ويشغل جيفري حاليًا منصب سفير الولايات المتحدة في العراق.

    كما ضم نيجروبونتي إلى فريقه أحد مساعديه السابقين، العقيد جيمس ستيل (متقاعد) من عصره الذهبي في هندوراس:

    في ظل “خيار السلفادور”، استعان نيغروبونتي بزميله من أيامه في أمريكا الوسطى خلال ثمانينيات القرن الماضي، العقيد المتقاعد جيمس ستيل. أشرف ستيل، الذي كان يشغل منصب مستشار قوات الأمن العراقية في بغداد، على اختيار وتدريب أعضاء منظمة بدر وجيش المهدي، أكبر ميليشيات شيعية في العراق، بهدف استهداف قيادة وشبكات دعم المقاومة السنية في المقام الأول. وسواءً أكان ذلك مُخططًا له أم لا، فقد خرجت فرق الموت هذه عن السيطرة بسرعة لتصبح السبب الرئيسي للوفاة في العراق.

    سواءٌ أكان ذلك مقصودًا أم لا، فإن جثث التعذيب والتمثيل بها التي تُلقى يوميًا في شوارع بغداد هي من إنتاج فرق الموت التي كان جون نيغروبونتي هو من قادها. وهذا العنف الطائفي المدعوم من الولايات المتحدة هو الذي أدى إلى الكارثة التي يعيشها العراق اليوم. (ضاهر جميل، إدارة التصعيد: نيغروبونتي وفريق بوش الجديد في العراق ، Antiwar.com، 7 يناير/كانون الثاني 2007)

    وصف جون نيغروبونتي روبرت فورد أثناء وجوده في السفارة في بغداد بأنه “أحد هؤلاء الأشخاص الذين لا يكلون… الذين لا يترددون في ارتداء سترته الواقية وخوذته والخروج من المنطقة الخضراء للقاء جهات الاتصال”.  يجيد روبرت س. فورد اللغتين العربية والتركية بطلاقة. وقد أوفده نيغروبونتي لإجراء اتصالات استراتيجية.

    أحد مقترحات البنتاغون هو إرسال فرق من القوات الخاصة لتقديم المشورة والدعم وربما تدريب فرق عراقية، على الأرجح مقاتلين من البيشمركة الكردية وميليشيات شيعية مختارة بعناية ، لاستهداف المتمردين السنة والمتعاطفين معهم ، حتى عبر الحدود إلى سوريا، وفقًا لمصادر عسكرية مطلعة على المناقشات. ومع ذلك، لا يزال من غير الواضح ما إذا كانت هذه ستكون سياسة اغتيال أو ما يسمى بعمليات “خطف”، حيث يتم إرسال الأهداف إلى منشآت سرية للاستجواب. التفكير الحالي هو أنه بينما تقود القوات الخاصة الأمريكية العمليات في سوريا، على سبيل المثال، فإن الأنشطة داخل العراق نفسه ستنفذها الميليشيات العراقية شبه العسكرية. (نيوزويك، 8 يناير 2005، التأكيد مضاف)

    وقد حظيت الخطة بدعم الحكومة العراقية المعينة من قبل الولايات المتحدة برئاسة رئيس الوزراء إياد علاوي:

    رفض البنتاغون التعليق، لكن أحد المطلعين صرّح لنيوزويك: “ما يتفق عليه الجميع هو أنه لا يمكننا الاستمرار على هذا المنوال. علينا إيجاد طريقة لشنّ هجوم على المتمردين. حاليًا، نلعب دور الدفاع، ونحن خاسرون”.

    ستكون فرق الاغتيال مثيرة للجدل ومن المرجح أن تبقى سرية.

    وتظل تجربة ما يسمى بـ”فرق الموت” في أميركا الوسطى صادمة بالنسبة لكثيرين حتى الآن، وقد ساهمت في تلطيخ صورة الولايات المتحدة في المنطقة.

    …. كان جون نيجروبونتي، السفير الأميركي في بغداد، يجلس في الصف الأمامي في ذلك الوقت بصفته السفير الأميركي في هندوراس من عام 1981 إلى عام 1985.

    كانت فرق الموت سمةً وحشيةً في سياسات أمريكا اللاتينية آنذاك. ففي الأرجنتين في سبعينيات القرن الماضي، وغواتيمالا في ثمانينياته، كان الجنود يرتدون الزي العسكري نهارًا، لكنهم كانوا يستخدمون سياراتٍ لا تحمل علاماتٍ مميزة ليلًا لاختطاف وقتل من يعارضون النظام أو من يُشتبه في تعاطفهم معه.

    في أوائل ثمانينيات القرن الماضي، موّلت إدارة الرئيس ريغان وساعدت في تدريب قوات الكونترا النيكاراغوية المتمركزة في هندوراس بهدف الإطاحة بنظام الساندينيستا في نيكاراغوا. وقد جُهّزت قوات الكونترا بأموال من مبيعات أسلحة أمريكية غير مشروعة لإيران، وهي فضيحة كادت أن تُطيح بريغان.

    وفي السلفادور قامت الولايات المتحدة بتدريب وحدات صغيرة من القوات المحلية لاستهداف المتمردين على وجه التحديد.

    وبحسب مجلة نيوزويك فإن جوهر الاقتراح الذي تقدم به البنتاغون في العراق هو اتباع هذا النموذج وتوجيه فرق من القوات الخاصة الأميركية لتقديم المشورة والدعم وتدريب مقاتلي البيشمركة الأكراد والميليشيات الشيعية لاستهداف زعماء التمرد السني.

    ليس من الواضح ما إذا كان الهدف الرئيسي من هذه المهام هو اغتيال المتمردين أم اختطافهم واقتيادهم للتحقيق. ومن المرجح أن تتولى القوات الخاصة الأمريكية أي مهمة في سوريا.

    ليس من الواضح من سيتولى مسؤولية مثل هذا البرنامج – البنتاغون أم وكالة الاستخبارات المركزية. جرت العادة أن تُدير وكالة الاستخبارات المركزية هذه العمليات السرية بمعزل عن الإدارة الحالية، مما يمنح المسؤولين الأمريكيين القدرة على إنكار معرفتهم بها. (تايمز أونلاين، المصدر السابق، التشديد مضاف)

    تحت قيادة نيغروبونتي في السفارة الأمريكية ببغداد، انطلقت موجة من عمليات قتل المدنيين السرية والاغتيالات الموجهة. كما استُهدف مهندسون وأطباء وعلماء ومثقفون. كان الهدف هو إثارة الانقسامات الطائفية بين السنة والشيعة والأكراد والمسيحيين، بالإضافة إلى استئصال الدعم المدني للمقاومة العراقية. وكان المجتمع المسيحي أحد الأهداف الرئيسية لبرنامج الاغتيالات.

    وكان هدف البنتاغون أيضًا يتمثل في تدريب قوات الجيش والشرطة والأمن العراقية، والتي ستنفذ برنامجًا محليًا لمكافحة التمرد (بشكل غير رسمي) نيابة عن الولايات المتحدة.

    عملية “الكونترا السورية”: التعلم من التجربة العراقية

    لقد شكّلت النسخة العراقية المروّعة من “الخيار السلفادوري” بقيادة السفير جون نيغروبونتي “نموذجًا يُحتذى به” في تأسيس كونترا “الجيش السوري الحر”. ولا شك أن روبرت ستيفن فورد شارك في تنفيذ مشروع الكونترا السورية، عقب إعادة تعيينه في بغداد نائبًا لرئيس البعثة عام ٢٠٠٨.

    كان الهدف في سوريا إثارة انقسامات طائفية بين السنة والعلويين والشيعة والأكراد والدروز والمسيحيين. ورغم اختلاف السياق السوري اختلافًا جذريًا عن السياق العراقي، إلا أن هناك أوجه تشابه لافتة للنظر فيما يتعلق بالإجراءات التي نُفذت بها عمليات القتل والفظائع.

    ويؤكد تقرير نشرته مجلة دير شبيغل بشأن الفظائع التي ارتكبت في مدينة حمص السورية وجود عملية طائفية منظمة من القتل الجماعي والقتل خارج نطاق القضاء تشبه تلك التي نفذتها فرق الموت التي ترعاها الولايات المتحدة في العراق.

    كان سكان حمص يُصنفون عادةً على أنهم “سجناء” (شيعة، علويون) و”خونة”. و”الخونة” هم مدنيون سُنة داخل المنطقة الحضرية التي يسيطر عليها المتمردون، والذين يُعربون عن رفضهم أو معارضتهم لحكم الجيش السوري الحر الإرهابي.

    يقول أبو رامي: “منذ الصيف الماضي [2011]، أعدمنا أقل بقليل من 150 رجلاً، أي ما يمثل حوالي 20% من أسرانا”. … لكن جلادي حمص كانوا أكثر انشغالاً بالخونة داخل صفوفهم من أسرى الحرب. يقول المقاتل: “إذا ضبطنا سنياً يتجسس، أو إذا خان مواطن الثورة، نُسرّع في إعدامه “. ووفقاً لأبو رامي، أعدمت كتيبة دفن الحسين ما بين 200 و250 خائناً منذ بداية الانتفاضة. ( دير شبيغل، 30 مارس/آذار 2012)

    في أوائل يوليو/تموز 2011، زار السفير الأمريكي روبرت فورد حماة، والتقى بأعضاء من “حركة الاحتجاج” ( دبلوماسي أمريكي غير بارز يُغيّر السياسة تجاه سوريا – صحيفة واشنطن بوست ، 12 يوليو/تموز 2011). وتؤكد التقارير أن روبرت فورد أجرى اتصالات عديدة مع جماعات المعارضة قبل وبعد زيارته إلى حماة في يوليو/تموز. وفي بيان صدر مؤخرًا (4 أغسطس/آب)، أكد أن السفارة ستواصل “التواصل” مع جماعات المعارضة في تحدٍّ للسلطات السورية.

    تطلب المشروع برنامجًا أوليًا لتجنيد وتدريب المرتزقة. دخلت فرق الموت، التي تضم وحدات سلفية لبنانية وأردنية، الحدود الجنوبية لسوريا مع الأردن في منتصف مارس/آذار 2011. وكان معظم العمل التحضيري جاهزًا قبل وصول روبرت ستيفن فورد إلى دمشق في يناير/كانون الثاني 2011.

    السفير فورد في حماة في أوائل يوليو 2011

    أُعلن عن تعيين فورد سفيرًا لدى سوريا في أوائل عام ٢٠١٠. وكانت العلاقات الدبلوماسية قد قُطعت عام ٢٠٠٥ عقب اغتيال رفيق الحريري، الذي ألقت واشنطن باللوم فيه على سوريا. وصل فورد إلى دمشق قبل شهرين فقط من اندلاع الثورة.

    خلف الأبواب المغلقة في وزارة الخارجية الأمريكية

    كان روبرت ستيفن فورد جزءًا من فريق صغير في وزارة الخارجية الأمريكية أشرف على تجنيد وتدريب الألوية الإرهابية، إلى جانب ديريك شوليت   وفريدريك سي. هوف ، الشريك التجاري السابق لريتشارد أرميتاج، الذي شغل منصب “المنسق الخاص” لواشنطن بشأن سوريا. وقد عُيّن ديريك شوليت مؤخرًا مساعدًا لوزير الدفاع لشؤون الأمن الدولي.

    وكان هذا الفريق يعمل تحت قيادة مساعد وزير الخارجية السابق لشؤون الشرق الأدنى جيفري فيلتمان .

    وكان فريق فيلتمان على اتصال وثيق بعملية تجنيد وتدريب المرتزقة من تركيا وقطر والمملكة العربية السعودية وليبيا (بفضل نظام ما بعد القذافي، الذي أرسل  ستمائة جندي من الجماعة الإسلامية المقاتلة الليبية إلى سوريا ، عبر تركيا في الأشهر التي أعقبت انهيار حكومة القذافي في سبتمبر/أيلول 2011).

    كان مساعد وزير الخارجية فيلتمان على اتصال بوزير الخارجية السعودي الأمير سعود الفيصل، ووزير الخارجية القطري الشيخ حمد بن جاسم . كما كان مسؤولاً عن مكتب في الدوحة لـ”التنسيق الأمني ​​الخاص” بشأن سوريا، والذي ضمّ ممثلين عن وكالات استخبارات غربية وخليجية، بالإضافة إلى ممثل عن ليبيا. وكان الأمير بندر بن سلطان ، العضو البارز والمثير للجدل في الاستخبارات السعودية، عضواً في هذه المجموعة. ( انظر برس تي في، ١٢ مايو ٢٠١٢).

    في يونيو/حزيران 2012، عُيّن جيفري فيلتمان (الصورة: يسار) وكيلًا للأمين العام للأمم المتحدة للشؤون السياسية، وهو منصب استراتيجي يتمثل عمليًا في وضع أجندة الأمم المتحدة (نيابةً عن واشنطن) بشأن قضايا “حل النزاعات” في مختلف “البؤر السياسية الساخنة” حول العالم (بما في ذلك الصومال، ولبنان، وليبيا، وسوريا، واليمن، ومالي). ومن المفارقات المريرة أن الدول التي تُعنى “بحل النزاعات” في الأمم المتحدة هي تلك التي تستهدفها العمليات السرية الأمريكية.

    وبالتنسيق مع وزارة الخارجية الأميركية وحلف شمال الأطلسي وعملائه في مجلس التعاون الخليجي في الدوحة والرياض، يعد فيلتمان رجل واشنطن الذي يقف وراء “اقتراح السلام” الذي قدمه المبعوث الخاص للأمم المتحدة الأخضر الإبراهيمي.

    وفي الوقت نفسه، وبينما تدعي الولايات المتحدة وحلف شمال الأطلسي دعم مبادرة السلام التي أطلقتها الأمم المتحدة، فقد سارعتا إلى تسريع عملية تجنيد وتدريب المرتزقة رداً على الخسائر الفادحة التي تكبدتها قوات المتمردين “المعارضة”.

    إن الهدف النهائي الذي تقترحه الولايات المتحدة في سوريا ليس تغيير النظام، بل تدمير سوريا كدولة وطنية.

    إن نشر فرق الموت “المعارضة” المكلفة بقتل المدنيين هو جزء من هذا المشروع الإجرامي.

    الجيش السوري الحر

    لقد طبقت واشنطن وحلفاؤها في سوريا السمات الأساسية لـ”الخيار السلفادوري العراقي”، مما أدى إلى إنشاء الجيش السوري الحر وفصائله الإرهابية المختلفة، بما في ذلك كتائب جبهة النصرة التابعة لتنظيم القاعدة.

    ورغم الإعلان عن إنشاء الجيش السوري الحر في يونيو/حزيران 2011، فإن عمليات تجنيد وتدريب المرتزقة الأجانب بدأت في وقت مبكر كثيراً.

    من نواحٍ عديدة، يُعتبر الجيش السوري الحرّ ستارًا دخانيًا. تُصوّره وسائل الإعلام الغربية ككيان عسكريّ أصيل تأسس نتيجة انشقاقات جماعية من القوات الحكومية. مع ذلك، لم يكن عدد المنشقين كبيرًا ولا كافيًا لإنشاء هيكل عسكريّ متماسك ذي وظائف قيادة وتحكّم.

    إن الجيش السوري الحر ليس كياناً عسكرياً محترفاً، بل هو شبكة فضفاضة من الألوية الإرهابية المنفصلة، ​​والتي تتكون بدورها من خلايا شبه عسكرية عديدة تعمل في أجزاء مختلفة من البلاد.

    تعمل كلٌّ من هذه التنظيمات الإرهابية بشكل مستقل. ولا يمارس الجيش السوري الحرّ مهام القيادة والسيطرة بفعالية، بما في ذلك التنسيق مع هذه الكيانات شبه العسكرية المتنوعة. وتخضع هذه الأخيرة لسيطرة قوات خاصة وعناصر استخبارات مدعومة من الولايات المتحدة وحلف شمال الأطلسي (الناتو)، والمتمركزة ضمن صفوف تشكيلات إرهابية مختارة.

    هذه القوات الخاصة (المدربة تدريبًا عاليًا) على الأرض (وكثير منهم موظفون في شركات أمنية خاصة) على اتصال دائم بوحدات القيادة العسكرية/الاستخباراتية التابعة للولايات المتحدة وحلف شمال الأطلسي (الناتو) وحلفائها (بما في ذلك تركيا). ولا شك أن هذه القوات الخاصة المدمجة متورطة أيضًا في الهجمات بالقنابل المُخطط لها بعناية والمُوجهة ضد المباني الحكومية والمجمعات العسكرية وغيرها.

    فرق الموت هي مرتزقة دربتهم وجندتهم الولايات المتحدة وحلف شمال الأطلسي (الناتو) وحلفاؤها في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي، بالإضافة إلى تركيا. وتشرف عليها قوات خاصة تابعة للحلفاء (بما في ذلك القوات الخاصة البريطانية والمظليون الفرنسيون)، وشركات أمنية خاصة متعاقدة مع حلف شمال الأطلسي والبنتاغون. وفي هذا الصدد، تؤكد التقارير اعتقال الحكومة السورية ما بين 200 و300 موظف في شركات أمنية خاصة كانوا قد اندمجوا في صفوف المتمردين.

    جبهة النصرة

    تُوصف جبهة النصرة، التي يُقال إنها تابعة لتنظيم القاعدة، بأنها أكثر الجماعات المقاتلة المعارضة فعالية، وهي مسؤولة عن العديد من الهجمات التفجيرية البارزة. ورغم أنها تُصوَّر كعدوٍّ لأمريكا (مُدرجة على قائمة وزارة الخارجية الأمريكية للمنظمات الإرهابية)، إلا أن عملياتها تحمل بصمات التدريب شبه العسكري الأمريكي، وتكتيكات الإرهاب، وأنظمة الأسلحة الأمريكية. وتشبه الفظائع التي ارتكبتها جبهة النصرة (الممولة سرًا من الولايات المتحدة وحلف شمال الأطلسي) ضد المدنيين تلك التي ارتكبتها فرق الموت التي ترعاها الولايات المتحدة في العراق.

    وعلى حد تعبير زعيم جبهة النصرة أبو عدنان في حلب : “تضم جبهة النصرة بين صفوفها قدامى المحاربين السوريين في حرب العراق، وهم رجال يجلبون الخبرة – وخاصة في تصنيع العبوات الناسفة – إلى الجبهة في سوريا”.

    كما هو الحال في العراق، جرى الترويج بنشاط للعنف الطائفي والتطهير العرقي. في سوريا، كانت الطوائف العلوية والشيعية والمسيحية هدفًا لفرق الموت التي ترعاها الولايات المتحدة وحلف شمال الأطلسي (الناتو). ويُعدّ العلويون والمسيحيون الهدفين الرئيسيين لبرنامج الاغتيالات. وقد أكدت وكالة أنباء الفاتيكان ما يلي:

    يتعرض مسيحيو حلب للموت والدمار جراء القتال الدائر في المدينة منذ أشهر. وقد تعرضت الأحياء المسيحية مؤخرًا لقصف قوات المعارضة التي تقاتل الجيش النظامي، مما تسبب في نزوح المدنيين.

    بعض الجماعات في المعارضة الشرسة، حيث توجد أيضًا جماعات جهادية، “تطلق النار على المنازل والمباني المسيحية، لإجبار السكان على الفرار ثم الاستيلاء عليها [تطهير عرقي]” (وكالة فيدس، أخبار الفاتيكان، 19 أكتوبر/تشرين الأول 2012).

    يقول الأسقف إن المسلحين السلفيين السنة يواصلون ارتكاب جرائم ضد المدنيين، أو تجنيد المقاتلين بالقوة. يخوض المتطرفون السنة المتعصبون حربًا مقدسة بكل فخر، وخاصة ضد العلويين. عندما يسعى الإرهابيون إلى السيطرة على الهوية الدينية للمشتبه به، يطلبون منه ذكر سلسلة نسب النبي موسى، ويطلبون منه تلاوة دعاء حذفه العلويون. لا أمل للعلويين في النجاة. (وكالة فيدس 04/06/2012)

    وتؤكد التقارير تدفق فرق الموت التابعة للسلفيين وتنظيم القاعدة، فضلاً عن الألوية التابعة لجماعة الإخوان المسلمين، إلى سوريا منذ بداية التمرد في مارس/آذار 2011.

    وعلاوة على ذلك، وعلى غرار تجنيد المجاهدين لشن الجهاد (الحرب المقدسة) لصالح وكالة المخابرات المركزية الأمريكية في أوج الحرب السوفيتية الأفغانية، فقد بادر حلف شمال الأطلسي والقيادة العليا التركية، وفقًا لمصادر استخباراتية إسرائيلية، إلى “

    حملة لتجنيد آلاف المتطوعين المسلمين في دول الشرق الأوسط والعالم الإسلامي للقتال إلى جانب الثوار السوريين. سيتولى الجيش التركي إيواء هؤلاء المتطوعين وتدريبهم وتأمين مرورهم إلى سوريا. ( ديبكا فايل، الناتو يزود الثوار بأسلحة مضادة للدبابات، ١٤ أغسطس/آب ٢٠١١).

    شركات الأمن الخاصة وتجنيد المرتزقة

    وتشير التقارير إلى أن شركات أمنية خاصة تعمل انطلاقا من دول الخليج تشارك في تجنيد وتدريب المرتزقة.

    ورغم أن التقارير لم تكن تهدف بشكل خاص إلى تجنيد المرتزقة للقتال في سوريا، فإن التقارير تشير إلى إنشاء معسكرات تدريب في قطر والإمارات العربية المتحدة.

    في مدينة زايد العسكرية (الإمارات العربية المتحدة)، يُبنى “جيش سري”  تديره شركة Xe Services، المعروفة سابقًا باسم بلاك ووتر. وُقّعت اتفاقية الإمارات العربية المتحدة لإنشاء معسكر عسكري لتدريب المرتزقة في يوليو/تموز 2010، أي قبل تسعة أشهر من اندلاع الحرب في ليبيا وسوريا.

    وفي التطورات الأخيرة [2014]، شاركت شركات أمنية متعاقدة مع حلف شمال الأطلسي والبنتاغون في تدريب فرق الموت “المعارضة” على استخدام الأسلحة الكيميائية:

    تستخدم الولايات المتحدة وبعض حلفائها الأوروبيين شركات دفاعية لتدريب المتمردين السوريين على كيفية تأمين مخزونات الأسلحة الكيميائية في سوريا، وفقًا لمسؤول أمريكي رفيع المستوى وعدد من كبار الدبلوماسيين لشبكة CNN يوم الأحد. ( تقرير CNN، 9 ديسمبر/كانون الأول 2012)

    ولم يتم الكشف عن أسماء الشركات المعنية.

    ورغم أن الظروف في سوريا مختلفة بشكل ملحوظ عن تلك في العراق، فإن مهمة روبرت إس. فورد بصفته “الرجل الثاني” في السفارة الأميركية في بغداد لها تأثير مباشر على طبيعة أنشطته في سوريا بما في ذلك اتصالاته مع جماعات المعارضة.

     


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  • Line Lauridsen interviews Mark Taliano on the West’s Catastrophic Destruction of Syria

    Line Lauridsen interviews Mark Taliano on the West’s Catastrophic Destruction of Syria

    Original Links Here: https://free21.dk/2025/04/08/line-lauridsen-interviews-mark-taliano-on-the-wests-deliberate-destruction-of-syria/?fbclid=IwY2xjawJigOxleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHohr1frkfM1MZkfhiOSz7j6CkXS7vrbuHk724S9sa8xYmmmfStTeRyyvV1Pb_aem_4oaWGzARethuOfKGCvFZSQ

    Video: The West’s Catastrophic Destruction of Syria. Line Lauridsen Interviews Mark Taliano – Global ResearchGlobal Research – Centre for Research on Globalization

    Photo: Mark Taliano, Global Research & Line Lauridsen, Team-Free21DK06.04.2025

    Line Lauridsen, Team-Free21DK, interviews author and researcher, Mark Taliano, the Centre for Research on Globalization (Global Research) on the West’s Deliberate Destruction of Syria.

    Mark Taliano identifies the culprits responsible for the catastrophe that has befallen Syria.

    He cites Western evidence such as the DIA 2012 document, “Operation Timber Sycamore“, evidence from Jeffrey Sachs and more to deflate the Big Lie of the War on Terror and to demonstrate that ISIS and al Qaeda are and were proxies for Empire in Syria and beyond.

    He discusses illegal imperial occupations and the illegal Caesar sanctions which, along with the terrorism and bombings, weakened the Syrian state over time.

    The bitter fruit of Empire’s Regime Change war against Syria is the current al Qaeda/HTS unelected junta, the genocide against Alawites and minorities, and the further balkanization of this previously sovereign, pluralist country.

    Correction: The title of the book by Mark Taliano is “Voices from Syria“, not “Voices of Syria“.

    Edited transcript:

    I am Lena and this is 321 Denmark and today we have a guest Mark Taliano. You are a Research Associate of the Center for Research and Globalization and you are the author of the book Voices from Syria

    Yes

    You have a website where you publish a lot of articles and in your articles you often claim that the new Syrian government is installed by Western interests and what is your …

    Okay  So, the west has been supporting al-Qaeda for decades. Okay The War on Terror is a big lie.

    The West supports the terrorists. They are proxies to destroy prey countries. That’s the unvarnished truth. But that is backed up by Western sources I could read you the sources I have them here if you’re interested. But um so the West has been supporting al-Qaeda and ISIS all along in Syria. That is the opposition. And now the opposition is posing as a government. It’s an obscenity really. It’s an obscenity. They weren’t elected. It’s an al-Qaeda Junta.

     

    But this is what empire wants because it seeks to destroy countries to advance  interests of certain segments of their population. Certainly not the whole population. If Syria is destroyed as it is, it’s balkanized as it is then it’s easy for transnational capital and transnational corporations to come in and further the plunder. And it’s also now that (Syria) does not have a standing army, you’ll notice al-Qaeda is not defending against the Zionists. Why? because they’re on the same side. They have been all along. So they do not have an army to defend against empire, so now empire can do basically as it pleases there. And one of the next things that it seeks to do apart from Israeli expansion which is happening as well as Israeli genocide of Palestinians which is happening. The destruction of Syria makes that genocide easier. The destruction of Syria weakens the resistance. There is hardly there’s no resistance in Syria well very little resistance now and horror upon horrors this al-Qaeda regime and the al-Qaeda gangs and so on are committing a catastrophic genocide right now against Alawites and minorities including Christians, including some Sunnis.

    Now when I was in Syria it was deeply moving because the government was pluralistic. It accepted and in fact embraced different religious minorities including Christians. I went to Maaloula which was a Christian uh largely Christian  area and the shrine of Saint Takla and there the empire’s proxies destroyed for the sake of destroying everything there but it was defended by the Syrian army and by Hezbollah.

    But when when were you in Syria last?

    The most recent time I think I said is 2019.

    But I was also there in 2018 and two I was there when Trump bombed us. I was there

    in 2016.

    So now I am horrified to see that what was Syria the essence of Syria, It had an elected government that protected minorities, that essence is being destroyed by foreigners from the international community the Persian  Gulf monarchies from al-Qaeda from countries throughout the world are there and destroying what was Syria including its people and imposing sectarianism and extremism. The root of this Wahhabism is Saudi Arabia not Syria and it’s supported by Zionism and it’s supported by Washington.

    But they’ve done this they’re do it in Yemen right now. They support al-Qaeda there.  They did it in Libya: the Libyan Islamic fighting group. These so-called jihadis and Jeffrey Sachs(and others) make this very clear.  Empire has been running these so-called jihadis for decades. They brought jihadis called Mujahedeen into Afghanistan and they destroyed Afghanistan.  They did that to bring the Soviets in but it was a secular government that  ( was progressive) you know women were advanced and were they were educated and they were integrated into society and they were not persecuted as they are now.

    Since  Syria the Syrian government was installed and elected and established and has been so old, it has really deep roots, do you have some thoughts on how they managed this well?

    Okay, a NATO survey a NATO survey came out years ago I don’t have it on hand (photo added) but it demonstrated the extreme popularity of the Assad government.  And it was an elected government and it was extraordinarily popular.

     

    The al-Qaeda posing as a government now was not elected by anybody, and Assad he was highly educated. He was an eye doctor. He still is. I think a lot of Syrians now feel betrayed because he disappeared. I don’t know exactly what happened to him, so I don’t like to mind read but I think they feel betrayed, but they’re also scapegoating Assad for what Empire has done. Empire likes to disassociate itself from the crimes that it commits. Empire imposed Caesar sanctions, unilateral coercive measures, which destroyed the economy and they were illegal.

    Empire imposed Timber Sycamore which funneled billions and other programs which funneled billions into the hands of terrorists. All of that’s illegal. Empire occupied and still does occupy resource-rich areas of of Syria and steals the oil and ships it out, and now Turkey is there also. So imperialists are vying for power in the carcass of Syria. Turkey is illegally occupying, Washington which is leading from behind is illegally occupying and has been for a long time, Zionists are very close to Damascus. All of this is according to plan None of this is a mistake. Part of this ties in with the Greater Israel Project. But I mean the the documentation is very clear I just give you one example Um this is from a leaked Pentagon report. Anyone can see this.

    It says the Salifist the Muslim Brotherhood and AQI are the major forces driving the insurgency in Syria. They’re not even making a mistake about this is the opposition AQI al-Qaeda the West listen to this the West Gulf countries and Turkey support the opposition. That’s al-Qaeda. Russia China and Iran support the regime. Well it was an elected government is what it was so there’s all sorts of documentation here.

    Jake Sullivan see last item AQ is on our side in Syria.

    Um and then there’s Wesley Clark We’re going to take out seven countries in 5 years.

    So none of this was a secret. But as Jeffrey Sachs notes how many times did the New York Times mention Operation Timber Sycamore which was one of the ways in which they funneled cash and weapons and arms and so onto the terrorists? About three times in 10 years.

    So the mainstream the legacy media is actually complicit in war crime in war crimes which is in the sense that it’s war propaganda. And without this war propaganda these wars would not be happening.

    But a lot of the arms came from Libya after the destruction of Libya which was intentional. They came from the Libyan armouries. They came from other spots. They came from Timber Sycamore I I hope I have something here Anyway you had another question. Oh can I just read you this blurb I found on the internet about Timber Sycamore okay just so I don’t get it wrong says

    Operation Timber Sycamore is the code name of a covert operation officially authorized by Obama in June 2013 to train and equip anti-Assad rebellion but which actually started in October 2011 when the CIA was operating via Britain’s M16 MI6 sorry to avoid having to notify Congress that it was arming the (quote unquote) rebels in Syria. Originally the CIA and MI6 set up a rebel arms supply network in Syria from Libya. (They raided the Libya stockpiles as one benefit of destroying Libya.) — a plan that involved the Saudi, Qatari and Turkish…”

    (Operation Timber Sycamore is the codename of a covert operation officially authorized by Obama in June 2013 to train and equip the anti-Assad rebellion, but which actually started in October 2011, when the CIA was operating via Britain’s MI6 to avoid having to notify Congress that it was arming the rebels in Syria. Originally, the CIA and MI6 (the British foreign intelligence service) set up a rebel arms supply network in Syria from Libya — a plan that involved the Saudi, Qatari and Turkish inte…”)

    So all this is public but the mainstream press hides it They hide it and they keep it secret. They pretend it doesn’t exist And so the wars keep on continuing you know and they support al-Qaeda in Yemen right now. Yemen is not doing anything wrong They are abiding by international law to try to stop the genocide of Palestinians by the western support of the Zionists.

    Yeah But this genocide happening on Alawites right now in Syria. Do you think the public in Syria knows about it?

    Some people living on the coast, they can’t leave their houses. They’re afraid. Internet has been cut off. I’ve seen some disgusting photos people losing their you know being  beheaded. I think maybe about 30,000 have been slaughtered. We’re talking innocent civilians They (the terrorists)go into homes. They slaughter the people and they steal the homes. They steal the properties. Why? They want to change the population and they want to steal the properties. And that’s part of the imperial plan of balkanization. Eva Bartlett who’s a very reliable source and Dan Kovalik, they’re putting the numbers at around 30,000 maybe even higher. This is a genocide, and the West supports it.

    Yes do you have some personal sources reporting to you from Syria directly?

    Yes and I don’t I’m not going to use their names because they aren’t necessarily safe. I have a source living in that area um this person was forced because presumably because of their religious designation forced out of their job can’t leave their home cannot go to the Russian air base to find safety and refuge because if there’s checkpoints apparently so if this person were to be stopped he or she would risk being beheaded. It’s that bad.

    Yeah,  but does the rest of Syria know this, I don’t know because the West controls the media.You see remember with all these USAID leaks they show how much of the media isncontrolled in Ukraine by USAID by the West most of it. The similar scenario has devolved in Syria where the west and the al-Qaeda extremist sources control the media. So does everyone in Syria know what’s happening? That I do not know I do not know.

    All right But Mark since I know you are short on time I think we should call it here but thank you a lot for your thoughts and thank you very much.  Yes and thank you maybe talk to you another day again. Okay Thank you Yeah Bye bye.Line Lauridsen interviews Mark Taliano on the West’s Deliberate Destruction of Syria – Free21 Denmark

    Kilder:
    https://marktanliano.net Mark Taliano: „Unit Three. Teach Voices from Syria by Mark Taliano, and The Dirty War On Syria, by Prof. Anderson“. 09.11.2019. https://marktanliano.net/unit-three-teaching-voices-from-syria-by-mark-taliano-and-the-dirty-war-on-syria-by-prof-anderson/

    https://marktanliano.net Eva Bartlett: „Genocide in Syria “And the World is Quiet“.02.04.2025. https://marktanliano.net/genocide-in-syria-and-the-world-is-quiet-by-eva-bartlett/

    www.clintonfoundationtimeline.com Katie Weddington – Aaron Maté: „February 12, 2012 – An email from Jake Sullivan to Hillary: ‘Al Qaeda is on our side in Syria’“. 12.02.2012 – 22.02.2022. https://www.clintonfoundationtimeline.com/february-12-2012-an-email-from-jake-sullivan-to-hillary-al-qaeda-is-on-our-side-in-syria/

    https://medium.com/ Nafeez Ahmed: „Pentagon report predicted West’s support for Islamist rebels would create ISIS“. 22.05.2015. https://medium.com/insurge-intelligence/secret-pentagon-report-reveals-west-saw-isis-as-strategic-asset-b99ad7a29092

    Licens: Mark Taliano/Free21Denmark  CC BY-NC 4.0

    Publiceret første gang på Free21Denmark.org den 08.04.2025.

    Forfatterne nævnt i hvert tilfælde er ansvarlige for indholdet af de enkelte artikler. Indholdet af artiklerne og kommentarerne afspejler ikke nødvendigvis redaktionens eller udgiverens mening.

  • From Aleppo, open letter to François Hollande, President of the French Republic/ By Pierre Le Corf

    From Aleppo, open letter to François Hollande, President of the French Republic/ By Pierre Le Corf

    Pierre Le Corf
    French humanitarian
    We Are Superheroes association
    Aleppo, Syria / lecorfpierre@gmail.com

    President of the French Republic
    François Hollande
    copie to the candidates for the Presidential election

    From Aleppo, open letter to François Hollande, President of the French Republic

    Mr President,

    Today, I question the values I have been raised with, the values of a country I love, my country: France. I am writing toyou as a French citizen who arrived without any preconceived ideas in Syrian territory and lives in what was previously known as Western Aleppo, now Aleppo. I am a politically neutral humanitarian, and I have been here for a year. The situation I am in is tough. First of all, because I am the only French citizen living here, which makes me an easy target because of the testimony I offer that often goes against the official line. Second of all, because what we witness here everyday is outraging and hard to talk about. I have been the witness of a massacre and humanitarian crisis in which we,as a nation, are actors and even backers by supporting terrorism. I address this message to you, and to all the others
    who could have the decision making power to make peace and make all civilian populations a priority.

    Every single day, I had to face death as everyone else in this city. The mission I gave myself led me to visit families living close to the ones we have been labeling as « opponents » since the beginning of the conflict. However the only elements
    I witnessed were black flags – and I have pictures – on all of the front-lines. These signs are the symbols used by the groups that France has been fighting against for years.

    Today, the Syrian people stands united to fight not against the government but against terrorist groups, no matter what we call them to hold them accountable for their actions or the reason they have to exist. These armed groups are named Al-jaïch al-hour (Free Syrian Army), Jabhat al-Nosra (or Fatah al-Cham, branch of Al-Qaïda), Jaïch al-Islam, Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki, Brigade Sultan Mourad, etc. An anti governmental opposition exists, as for every government. This opposition is more or less pacific, but represents a minority of the population. Since the beginning of the conflict and until now, almost all the forces on the ground that have kept bombarding Aleppo are armed fighters belonging to terrorist groups.

    I use the term « terrorist » because there are no rebels in Aleppo, at least nothing that could allow us to consider them as such. It is irresponsible to continue qualifying them as rebels in Syria while we list them as terrorist organizations in France. The jihadists have been forced out with their weapons following agreements with the government and « all »went to Idlib, an area now almost entirely occupied by fighters and their families. However, many of the fighters left Idlib to come back to Aleppo to resume bombings and suicide attacks, here as everywhere else in Syria.

    I have evidence for everything I am writing. For months I have been gathering the testimonies of civilians on video and on paper, independently of their religion or political opinion and without any member of the military or government around. I publish these testimonies and occasionally give them to a UN Commission of Inquiry in charge of studying « opposition » attacks and crimes, while putting the commission in contact with witnesses.
    We have directed the attention of the public opinion and the bombing of zones in which were a minority of opponents but a majority of jihadists. Civilians were dying every day in these zones, without us saying that the majority of civilians in Eastern Aleppo could not run away because they were held back by the terrorists. It is by trying to run away by using the humanitarian corridors organized by the Russian and Syrian governments that many civilians were targeted and killed by armed forces (corridors indicated one to two days earlier, with precisions on the time of opening by a text message di-
    rected to all mobile phone owners using the syrian networks MTN and Syriatel, including me). Thankfully, thousands of civilians were able to make it out alive by using alternative routes, sometimes even passing through mined zones.

    Few are the media which stated that these civilians were used as human shields, which the testimonies corroborate. Medias have preferred describing them as caught in the crossfire of a fight opposing revolutionary armed forces to their government, while this government was protecting its people against terrorists who are majoritarily foreign mercenaries. They came to Syria heavily armed and are fanatics for whom human lives hardly matter. To talk only about Aleppo, these mercenaries invaded the surroundings and the center of the city, bombing the population of Western Aleppo every day
    and allowing themselves to murder civilians in the eastern part of the city for no reason.

    Armed groups on the ground have never testified for their so called «moderation » towards civilians. I saw with my own eyes that terrorists had weapons and ammunitions that had been manufactured in diverse countries including France,
    the United States, the United Kingdom or Saudi Arabia, to name only a few of them. These weapons are used on a daily basis against civilians of Eastern and Western Aleppo by recognized terrorist groups under the banner of the Free Syrian
    Army. This group is majoritarily made of jihadists that we try to picture as fighting for freedom.

    They used to aim at Western Aleppo from the most densely populated areas of the east and even from hospitals to limit backfires. This did not prevent fights between the jihadists and the Syrian army. I obtained these testimonies from the surviving eastern Aleppo civilians I take care of, as other international organisations here. Eastern Aleppo had 120 000 people caught in crossfires ( among them 15 to 20 000 fighters). Most of these people were families who refused to leave their house by fear of having it occupied, destroyed or robbed. In Syria, few people rent their house or apartment. It
    takes time to become a homeowner. This is a deeply cultural feature because the house is the symbol of the family here.The main point is that we have chosen to occult a reality, the one of 1 300 000 Syrians of all confessions living in the West who tried to keep their institutions working and kept sending their children to school and to the university, even with the shadow of death all around. We have erased them by pursuing a political goal, because they were living in a zone controlled by the Syrian government. By doing so, we have forgotten a number of civilians representing ten times the population of the eastern part of the city, and we have done so because of a minority fighting for a cause that involves only a very thin part of the population.

    Not a day went by without us being the targets – and victims – of snipers and shell fires, explosive bullets, rocket launchers or gaz bottles and water boilers transformed in order to be used as rockets. These were used on streets, on homes, hospitals and schools. Not a day went by without tens of people dying, or being evacuated in a critical state to the nearby overflowed hospitals. The overflow was due to the attacks continuously conducted against us, even if there was no army in the city except for a few checkpoints as the army was protecting the battlefront. Every day adults, chil-
    dren and families were crushed and shattered by deadly projectiles. If I write this letter using « we », it is because I have also been confronted to this war on a daily basis. I am lucky to be alive because Aleppo was a battlefield: rockets do not warn before they hit. Being a first-aid rescue worker, I tried to save lives and was not always able to do so. People had legs, arms, and body parts torn apart, melted, burnt or even burning… I do not have the words to describe what the population has gone through here, and it is hard to share. I saw too many people die, and we were waking up every mor-
    ning without knowing if we would be alive at the end of the day.

    I have met civilians who were displaced within the borders of the country, and their testimonies are unanimous. In Eastern Aleppo, sharia law was enforced through « islamic courts » conducted by fighters and Sheikhs who felt free to detain, torture, execute arbitrarily, and marry children relying on the most appropriate fatwa (religious decree) for the occasion. After the liberation of Eastern Aleppo, it became clear that the terrorists had an enormous food stock available. I saw piles of humanitarian kits and packages that would have been enough for a year-long siege. Families can testify of
    the fact that they were not able to access them and they had to go through a period of famine, due to the siege of the city by the army. However the main responsible for the famine were the monopoly of prices and the harsh trocs put in place by the armed groups that could go to 50 times the normal price. Those accepting to fight with them had a preferential treatment. However, as some of their sympathizers who chose to stay in the eastern part of the city recently told me: «we do not like this government, but if someone criticizes the fighters of the Free Syrian Army or other armed groups, he gets killed. Where is the freedom? »

    Infrastructures, hospitals and schools were often used by these groups as headquarters along with prisons and warehouses to station weapons. In one of those schools, I was able to see that they were making chemical weapons with products imported from foreign countries. In the past few months, when combats were raging, I saw people who had been wounded by chlorine and their skin was literally burning. In Eastern Aleppo, hospitals were mainly helping the fighters and their families, or those who were able to pay. After the liberation of Aleppo, I also saw the enormous amounts of drugs and medications that had been upheld along with two operative hospitals, even with their façade and some of their services partially damaged. These hospitals had been declared as entirely destroyed several times.

    The « White Helmets » the French government financed and that we received at the Élysée are, for most of them, first aid workers by day and terrorists by night, or vice versa. They pledge allegiance to Jabhat al-Nosra (Al-Qaeda), as shown by documents found after their departure and as civilians testify. The majority of their teams rescued fighters first,and civilians every once in a while. A noteworthy feature is that each team had a cameraman, and the team of rescuers helped only while the camera was filming. A lot of civilians have told me that others had stayed under the rubbles because the rescuers refused to go there. Others told me the rescuers even staged fake attacks, fake bombings, fakewounds and interventions. Our government also finances associations such as « Syria Charity » that has as an emblem the three star flag, and that was originally called the « league for a Free Syria ». This association, even if providing humanitarian aid, has crossed the thin red line by taking part in an opinion war to justify the overthrowing of the government by hiding the reality on the field and their proximity with belligerent groups and by providing constant medical relief to
    jihadists forces (their presence is carefully erased from all available videos).

    Numerous French and international associations or humanitarian organisations intervening in « rebel » zones have done more harm than good through an instrumentalisation of the suffering of the local populations and the public opinion in the name of an oriented cause, and through wrongfully directed donations. They are also responsible for taking civilians as hostages of this war, and enabling the conflict to continue by « legitimizing it » in a dishonest manner, enabling the figh-
    tings to continue and death to stay a daily preoccupation.

    We have, as a nation, placed the syrian three star flag on top of the Élysée when we received the (fake) mayor of Aleppo with all of the honors. This man was never elected by the Syrian people. He does not come from Aleppo and was elected and recognized by the leaders of terrorist groups, several partisans and foreigners. This flag is not the symbol of liberty in Syria, it is a symbol of death as it is now associated with the Free Syrian Army, which is a conglomerate of jihadists groups close to Al-Qaïda that acknowledges the importance of democracy only in front of the medias. We, as a country,support them. We must not confuse the 2011 civic movement with those who have used it, here and everywhere in the world, to create this war.

    Yes, a lot of people died. No war is just, and I am not here to negate or defend the extreme violence of the bombings of Eastern Aleppo to make not its fall but rather its liberation possible. It is a reality.

    Another reality is that except for the wounded children, the bombings or the cries, we have erased the presence of armed groups and, most importantly, the presence of civilians and life. We have taken these voices away by letting people wrongfully interpret the situation basing themselves on their own emotions while facing a situation continuously pictured as catastrophic, through the instrumentalisation of images of children most of the time. How can one question what is happening in Aleppo, no matter the arguments and proofs available when the only available images are the ones of a burning Syria supposedly unilaterally destroyed by its government? How can one question the situation when everything that does not correspond to this erroneous simplification is qualified as being propaganda? That the priority is to put in
    place « no fly zones » ( which, thank God, have never been installed)? Yes, they would have enabled the conflict to continue and increased the number of deaths, and they would have enabled terrorists to take Aleppo instead of freeing it from war and death. The people who have escaped from the East have gone through hell but live their arrival here, on the Western side, as a liberation for most of them, not a physical deportation. Most of them have returned to their home by now. Nobody has talked about the fact that 85% of the civilians have willingly come to seek refuge on the Western side of Aleppo, that is to say on the government side, even if buses were ready and available to take them to Idlib.The legitimacy granted to the armed groups and their cause by the medias and foreign actors have enabled them to gain ground around the city, forcing hundreds of thousands of civilians to leave their homes. I remember that for weeks we were sleeping with our clothes on and with bags ready next to our beds. The terrorists and fightings were so close that sometimes bullets were whistling across the streets and the more they made progress, the more I could hear them shout « Allah Akbar » before and after shell fires burst on the city.

    No matter the country where they have been used, videos and contents created by the jihadists and partisans, sometimes entirely staged, have been broadcasted in prime time by our media, manipulating the death and suffering of those living in the middle of the fightings to use the compassion and love of those watching. Just as the terrorists, we have sold so much fear that no one realized that these contents all had a political purpose and were created to reach this purpose without ever letting the civilians speak, and by giving a voice only to partisans or fighters ( I want to draw your attention
    upon the fact that civilians could barely afford bread, which makes a camera and a 3G connection completely out of reach, as it costs the equivalent of 5kg of meat). Failing to have the adequate troops to crush the government, we have completed our impact on the conflict by playing on emotions to influence the public opinion and its tacit consent in this war.

    On the western side of Aleppo, documenting the situation in real time was never a viable option as it was simply too dangerous and that the information was not leaving Syria anyways. Doing a Facebook live or publishing a news story showing the places where the fightings took place enabled the terrorists to aim more precisely, and to target densely populated zones. In a speech on their own TV Channel here in Syrian, « Free Syrian Army*** » held a dual discourse talking about coming to free the population and, on the other hand, presenting the attacks as our punishment for having been «unfaithful and living on Bashar Al-Assad’s side ». This TV channel is available to everyone here. When Aleppo was liberated, Russian news reports and testimonies of Syrians who had lived under jihadists occupation were immediately labelled as being propaganda, destroying the credibility of all that could emanate from Syria itself and from those living here.

    This past year has truly been the year of disinformation.

    A fight for the « freedom » of the Syrian people. We use this catch-all word without ever having defined or justified it. What freedom? Which Syrian people? Destroying the government, suffocating the country under sanctions for what? Our great knowledge and expertise of democracy? Have French people asked what tomorrow will be made of, in Syria? No! Freedom, that is all. Easy to say. The political and social programs of these terrorist groups is in complete opposition with freedom, democracy and our values or those of the majority of countries around the world. It is because of our interests, not because of freedom that we manipulate those groups that call for the creation of an Islamic state in Syria. Do not ask yourself what they want to give to the Syrian people, ask yourself what they want to impose and take away. All the civi-
    lians I meet everyday refuse to imagine this option for a single minute, and those who do try to forget the option might become their reality in a near future.

    Mr President, we have, as other countries, a big responsibility in this war we have attempted to end – term used to signify the overthrowing of the Syrian government at all costs. These past few years we have, along with other countries, taken
    part in the destruction of Syria, a country that is for a large part francophone and whose people loves France. As far from perfection its government might be, even if it made many mistakes across time – and remember we did too – we are at the moment supporting the installation of a true dictatorship in a country where a real opposition exists while armed factions are motivated only by bigotry, frustration, resentment and hate. Using those groups to reach geopolitical or economic goals is undemocratic and condemns the Syrian people. Having travelled across the country, I was able to witness that, despite the critics, the very large majority of the Syrian population honestly and sincerely supports their government and the one they call their president, and not their dictator, Bashar Al Assad.

    I consider this message as a duty. I am a humanitarian and I created my own association that is non political and nonreligious, and that I have been financing myself until now. I live in a war zone and I pay the price of doing so. I have taken the necessary risks to help civilians here, and even if the help I provide is limited I do as much as I can. Trying to explain the true situation here has resulted in attacks from mainstream medias and their partisans who try to prevent mefrom speaking, and now target me when I attempt to raise my voice. I take even more risks by taking the responsibility to write this letter to you, but I know it is important for me to do so in order to denounce a situation I have been observing everyday and investigating further every time. I have nothing to win, no personal interest, and I have been taking those
    risks for months to fight against terrorism by exposing the truth and the reality that Syrians live here, what they testify by denouncing the jihadists groups and the manipulation by the media that takes lives away, everyday.

    Let’s ask the Syrian people what it wants for its country instead of talking in its name, instead of stealing its voice, its liberties, its present and future. It is the Syrian people who must decide of its future, and not for us to decide. It is a form of dictatorship more outrageous than our illegitimate meddling until now. Democracy starts with ourselves abiding by its principles, and further than our responsibility towards the Syrian people, it would be the time to ask the French people on its willingness to intervene in the conflict, considering the danger it represents for its safety today and tomorrow.

    I call my country, the country I love and I have grown up in to stop condemning the population of Syria remotely and to stop encouraging terrorist groups who already target our families, our children, our citizens, and this no matter the economic or geopolitical goals at hand. We cannot side with or support armed forces who hope to lead a revolution to go back to an age of ignorance.

    Mr President, with all my heart, I call and beg France, which values I have grown up with and make me continue my action here everyday, to lift sanctions against Syria. They harm the population, not the government. I beg France to start finding alternative diplomatic solutions to this war, solutions that would represent peace for the Syrian people but also for us, French people, who risk being the target of backfires as an entity supporting armed forces who spread terror and violence, and whose ambitions are clearly international.

    I wish you courage, Mr President, to you and to the one who will follow you in office. I send you my best regards,

    Pierre Le Corf

     

    READ MORE:

    (20) Facebook

    https://www.facebook.com/notes/10159440384194925/

    English – Open letter to the President .pdf – Google Drive

    Unit One: Teach Voices from Syria. – Mark Taliano (marktanliano.net)

    Video: Crimes Against Syria – Global ResearchGlobal Research – Centre for Research on Globalization

  • Dr. Marcus Papadopoulos on East Ghouta – Sky News Australia / Februry 27, 2018 

    Dr. Marcus Papadopoulos on East Ghouta – Sky News Australia / Februry 27, 2018 

     

    Dr. Marcus Papadopoulos on East Ghouta – Sky News Australia  

    Anchor: Well, joining us now from London to discuss where this conflict is at is Dr. Marcus Papadopoulos. who is the publisher of Politics First and an international commentator on Syria and British politics. Dr. Papadopoulos thank you very much for joining us. As we heard there that despite this UN intervention there seems to be no let up, there seems to be no ceasefire. How do we work our way out of this international mess?  

     

    Dr. Papadopoulos: Well, first of all please allow me to clarify the nature of the people whom the Syrian army is targeting in East Ghouta. The Syrian army is targeting Islamist terrorists, al-Qaeda affiliates the same people, ideologically speaking, who carried out the horrendous Bali massacre, and I sincerely hope you are telling the Australian public that now- since 2012- the people of East Ghouta have lived under the occupation of al-Qaeda affiliates and they have been suffering tremendously every sin every single day for the last six years. The massacres of the terrorists in East Ghouta have been inflicting on the civilian population is so horrendous that I really shouldn’t talk about it on live television, and also as well I find it quite rich that western mainstream media is now talking about the suffering of the people in East Ghouta. Well, where was western mainstream media in the last six years when the inhabitants of that region have been suffering so terribly at the hands of terrorists, who have been backed by the Americans and the British. And let us not forget as well on a daily basis for the last six years the terrorists in East Ghouta have been mortaring and have been firing rockets into Damascus. They have been aiming at schools, hospitals nurseries. In the last week, they killed a large number of children. So, I think it is quite rich and frankly speaking disgraceful that western media is talking about a humanitarian concern in relation to East Ghouta.  

     

    Anchor: But would it not be naive to say that Syria’s treatment of its civilians is equally as bad. I mean we’ve only seen in this attack yesterday, the use of chemical, chlorine gas??  

     

    Dr. Papadopoulos: You are relying on the White Helmets, and no proper legitimate court of law in the world would rely on the White Helmets. Why? because the White Helmets are a propaganda weapon. They are a propaganda weapon of the terrorists and they are the brainchild of the British government, and at the same time -even worse than being a propaganda tool- the white helmets are actually is Islamist terrorist fighters themselves. We have independent witnesses, we have independent footage of White Helmet individuals standing over the bodies of dead Syrian soldiers of them firing ak-47s of them firing RPGs. You must not rely on the White Helmets. The White Helmets are a propaganda tool and they are terrorists themselves.  

    Anchor: You have recently tweeted that- and I think you touched on that a little earlier- that the terrorists occupying East Ghouta are the same people ideologically speaking, who carried out the London, Manchester, Madrid, Paris and Paoli bombings. They are murderers who are being backed by the US and the UK for geostrategic reasons. Can you expand on that for us?  

     

    Dr. Papadopoulos: Absolutely. For many decades now the Americans and the British have had a very close relationship with radical Islam. They backed the Mujahideen, including  Osama bin Laden, against the soviets in Afghanistan. They  facilitated the arrival of the Mujahideen, including Osama bin Laden to Bosnia during the Bosnian civil war. They assisted the various al-Qaeda affiliates in Libya in 2011 in their attempt to topple colonel Gaddafi and they are supporting Islamist terrorist groups in Syria. And the Islamist terrorist groups in Syria are not just ISIS, not just al-Qaeda, but also the Free Syrian Army. And the Syrian army is actually comprised of the people of Syria. It is comprised of Sunnis, of Shia, of Christians, of Jews, of Kurds, of Armenia.  The Syrian army does not target its own people. The Syrian army is targeting terrorists, the very people who want to massacre Australians in Sydney and Canberra.  

     

    Anchor: Well, the controversial comments are to say…  

    Dr. Papadopoulos:  The are controversial in your opinion.  They’re not controversial to people in east Aleppo. If you go to east Aleppo today, which is under the control of al-Qaeda, they won’t say my comments are controversial. They will say you are controversial.  

    Anchor: We are just looking at thousands, many thousands of civilians who have died at the hands of the Syrian government….. 

    Dr. Papadopoulos: Whose sources are you relying on when you say the many thousands of people who have died? The White Helmet? I’ve already explained to you. The White Helmets are not a genuine humanitarian organization. They are a propaganda weapon. They are Islamist terrorist fighters themselves.  

    Anchor: Donald Trump during his UN address says he’s quashed ISIS once and for all. What would be your response to those comments?  

    Dr. Papadopoulos: Well, I don’t think Donald trump has a clue about what’s happened in Syria. Indeed he hasn’t a clue about what’s happening in his own country. The reason why ISIS is on the verge of a total defeat in Syria is because of the combined military operations of the Syrian military, the Russian military and the Iranian military and quite frankly speaking the world should be grateful for what Syrian soldiers are doing every single day of the week. They are sacrificing their lives to defeat the scourge, the evil that is Islamist terrorism. Every single step the Syrian army advances in Syria makes the streets of Sydney,  of London of Washington and Paris safer.  

    Anchor: So, will they support a ceasefire? Will they take part in the ceasefire?  

    Dr. Papadopoulos: Who would support the ceasefire? 

    Anchor: The Syrian army. Will they take part in the ceasefire? Will they abide by the UN commands? 

     

    Dr. Papadopoulos: The Syrian government has been participating in talks to bring about ceasefires all over Syria, and the Syrian government cares for one thing: its people. And if it can facilitate a ceasefire somewhere in Syria whereby the terrorists move to, for example  Idlib, then the Syrian government will do that which I think is quite remarkable. But please let me remind you, the people,  the Syrian army is fighting in East Ghouta are al-Qaeda affiliates, the same people, ideologically speaking, who massacred Australians in cold blood in Bali.  

    Anchor: All right Dr. Marcus Papadopoulos, we do appreciate you joining us out this evening. Thank you very much for your time.  

    Dr. Papadopoulos : Thank you.  

     READ MORE: 

    https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2024/02/27/720878/another-lie-debunked-daesh-not-assad-behind-2015-chemical-attack

     

  • On These Days in 2013/ By Fares Shehabi

    On These Days in 2013/ By Fares Shehabi

    On these days in 2013, “moderate” al-Qaeda head chopping rebels kidnapped and massacred thousands of women & children from villages in Northern Lattakia, in coastal #Syria. Their crime was their different religious sect! Those who kidnapped them called themselves “Free Syrian Army” & “freedom rebels”! They were mostly foreign radical mercenaries working for the Turkish government. These criminals are still controlling #Idlib with the full support of the West. We will never ever forget..

    READ MORE:

    The Salafist Roots of the Free Syrian Army/ By William Van Wagenen

    Video: Crimes Against Syria – Global ResearchGlobal Research – Centre for Research on Globalization

     

  • War Propaganda Inc.

    War Propaganda Inc.

    “Democratic countries don’t invade their neighbors. Democratic countries don’t harbor terrorists. Democratic countries don’t use weapons of mass destruction.”

    – Former US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice on Jon Stewart, November 2022